What is a Mini MBA Program

A mini MBA program is a graduate-level business program offered through online and campus-based colleges, universities and business schools. It is an alternative to a traditional MBA degree program. A mini MBA program does not result in a degree. Graduates get a professional credential, usually in the form of a certificate. Some programs award continuing education credits (CEUs). Mini MBA Program Length The advantage of a mini MBA program is its length. It is much shorter than a traditional MBA program, which can take up to two years of full-time study to complete. Mini MBA programs also take less time to complete than accelerated MBA programs, which usually takes 11-12 months to complete. A shorter program length means less of a time commitment. The exact length of a mini MBA program depends on the program. Some programs can be completed in just one week, while others require several months of study. Cost MBA programs are expensive, especially if the program is at a top business school. The tuition for a full-time traditional MBA program at top schools can be more than $60,000 per year on average, with tuition and fees adding up to more than $150,000 over a two year period. A mini MBA, on the other hand, is much cheaper. Some programs cost less than $500. Even the more expensive programs usually cost just a few thousand dollars. Although it can be difficult to get scholarships for mini MBA programs, you may be able to get financial assistance from your employer. Some states also offer grants for displaced workers; in some cases, these grants may be used for certificate programs or continuing education programs (like a mini MBA program). The one cost that many people do not consider is lost wages. It is incredibly difficult to work full-time while attending a traditional full-time MBA program. So, people often lose two years of wages. Students who enroll in a mini MBA program, on the other hand, can often work full-time while they get an MBA level education. Mode of Delivery There are two main modes of delivery for online MBA programs: online or campus-based. The online programs are typically 100 percent online, which means youll never have to set foot in a traditional classroom. The campus-based programs are usually held in a single classroom on campus. Classes may be held during the week or on weekends. Classes might be scheduled during the day or in the evenings depending on the program. Choosing a Mini MBA Program Mini MBA programs have cropped up at business schools all over the world. When looking for a mini MBA program, you should consider the reputation of the school offering the program. You should also take a close look at the costs, the time commitment, course topics, and school accreditation before choosing and enrolling in a program. Finally, it is important to consider whether or not a mini MBA is right for you. If you need a degree or if you are hoping to change careers or advance to a senior position, you may be better suited for a traditional MBA program. Examples Lets take a look at a few examples of mini MBA programs: Rutgers Mini-MBA: Business Essentials - As the name suggests, the Mini-MBA program at Rutgers Business School focuses on essential business topics. Students study business law, business strategy, marketing, leadership, project management, international business, and other topics. The program is accelerated and takes just one week to complete. The Rutgers Mini-MBA costs about $5,000 and is approved for New Jersey workforce training grants and GI Bill education benefits.Pepperdine Mini MBA Certificate - The Graziadio School of Business and Management at Pepperdine University has a 10-week mini MBA program that results in a certificate. Students who enroll in this non-credit-bearing program will explore 10 different business topics, including but not limited to accounting, economics, finance, organizational theory and management, marketing, and decision sciences. The Pepperdine Mini MBA Certificate costs about $6,000.University at Buffalo Online Mini MBA Certificate (OMMBA) - The School of Management at the University at Buffalo in New York offers a non-credit-bearing Mini MBA Certificate program that can be completed entirely online. Students focus on accounting and finance, marketing and communications, technology, human resources and legal issues, economics, and general management. You can take as long as you need to complete the program. Some students complete it in as little as two months by studying a couple of hours a day; others take one year to complete it. The cost is about $1,000.

Essay about Barbara Millicent Roberts Barbie - 948 Words

We may know the most controversial piece of molded plastic formed into the shape of an out of proportion woman with blonde hair. Her name is Barbara Millicent Roberts, or as we know her, Barbie. With her odd portrayal of a woman, many believe that Barbie should be banned for suggesting to young girls that a woman only has one image to strive for. But Barbie is no more than a â€Å"piece of plastic† molded into something that looks nothing like a woman at all; she is a simply innocent child’s toy that should never be used as a tool for feminists. The Barbie controversy started in 1959 when she was introduced to a toy fair in New York after becoming popular overseas. The controversies went from her being too lewd to being too thin, both reasons†¦show more content†¦She’s typically blonde, always thin, owns everything from princess gowns to runway clothes, a pink convertible, and a dream house, which makes her nothing like the average woman at all. So what does it say to children who believe Barbie is their role-model? Barbie has had many jobs, but Barbie is more focused on the glamour aspect of a woman’s life to truly show interest in a career. Dr. Eileen Zurbriggen, a professor of psychology at University of California, comments on the effects that playing with Barbie has on girls’ ideas on careers: Playing with the Barbie suppresses their ideas about their own possible futures, but their ideas about the boys didnt change† (qtd. in Alter). It is true that Barbie has all of these fancy things, but Barbie is a hard-working girl who has had a collection of different careers. Another reason why people believe that Barbie isn’t good for children to own is that Barbie has a bad image, an overly sexualized and unhealthy image that subconsciously promotes girls to match her. In a study done by the University of Phoenix, it was suggested that the image that Barbie gave could lead children to eating disorders (Stamp ler). Studies have shown that if Barbie were a real woman, she would have to stand on all fours and only have half a liver. The overly sexualized image has always been a problem from the first Bikini Barbie, to the newest Sports Illustrated Barbie.Show MoreRelatedBarbie. history Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesBarbie Purpose statement: The purpose of this speech is to inform the audience about Barbie. INTRODUCTION: I. Did you know in every second of everyday, two Barbie dolls are sold somewhere in the world? A. Barbie was invented in 1959 by Ruth Handler. B. She was introduced to the world at the American Toy Fair in New York City. II. Barbie has been an important part of the toy fashion doll market for fifty years. A. She has been the subject of numerous controversies and lawsuitsRead MoreBarbie Based : A Barbaric Culture2099 Words   |  9 PagesBarbie-Based: A Barbaric Culture Perfectly perky and popular, slim waisted and long legged, silky plastic hair and a flashy smile frozen in time, Barbie has been lining toy store shelves and influencing young girls’ dreams since 1959. The teenage fashion model has managed to secure close to 150 careers, represent 40 different nations and cultures, and has collaborated with more than 75 different fashion designers, all amounting to an impressive resume theoretically thicker than a phone book. A culturalRead More The Creation of Barbie as an American Icon Essay examples2452 Words   |  10 PagesThe Creation of Barbie as an American Icon Barbie, at the age of 41, is one of the longest living toys in America. Analyzing her early history can give a person a look into the societal trends and culture of the late 1950s and early 1960s. There is evidence of fashion innovations in Barbies wardrobe. Also, one can see the perception of females by society, such as what they should look like, how they should act and dress, as well as what their future goals could be. The following essay follows

Messi Free Essays

Jahaziel Bonfil? COMS 151 Lionel Andres Messi? To inform the class who Lionel Andres Messi is? Thesis statement: Introduction (Short little Clip) (10 sec) Lionel Andres Messi is a professional soccer player who plays for La Liga in club FC Barcelona and is the captain of the Argentina national team. He is consider to be one of the world greatest soccer player of all time.? IV. We will write a custom essay sample on Messi or any similar topic only for you Order Now Preview of main points. I WILL BE TALKING ABOUT HIS LIFE, HIS ROAD TO SUCCESS, AND HIS ACHIEVEMENTS A. HISTORY -Origin: Born June 24, 1987 in Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. -Family: His father Jorge Messi; His mother Celia. Lionel was the third of the couple’s three boys—his older brothers are named Matias and Rodrigo. Lionel also has a sister, Maria Sol. -Beginning of soccer: All three boys played, and Jorge coached a local youth team. Lionel joined his dad’s club at the age of five. He was extremely small for his age but extremely talented as well. Lionel showed enough at the youth-soccer level to earn a development spot with the top local club, Newell’s Old Boys. He joined the team at the age of eight. Transition: The problem, of course, was his size. While teammates the same age grew an inch or two each year, Lionel’s progress was painfully slow. B. ROAD TO SUCCESS -His â€Å"small† problem: After Lionel turned 11, the Messi’s were informed by doctors that their talented son had a hormone deficiency. Growth hormone therapy would cost between $500 and $1,000 a month. Even do Club Atletico River Plate was at first was interested they could not afford such treatment. The only other team they at connections with was FC Barcelona but that would be asking too much. -Barcelona Trials: FC Barcelona’s director, Carles Rexach, had heard about the boy’s talent through the Messi’s relatives in Catalonia and was un afraid by the price tag of growth hormone therapy. Jorge and Lionel traveled o Spain, and Rexach granted the boy a tryout. He passed and joined La Massia , Barcelonas youth academy soccer program. Lionel joined Barcelona’s U-14 squad and became the best player on the team. As he learned the nuances of the game, he moved rapidly through the organization, joining the C team and then the B team before earning a spot with the club’s A team. Lionel made his debut for FC Barcelona in a non-league game against FC Porto in November of 2003. He was six months pat his 16th birthday. (10 SEC of Messi taking on players and scoring) C. ACHIEVEMENTS (2min)SHOW PICTURES OF ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH POWERPOINT Debut:  RCD Espanyol-FC Barcelona (0-1, League), 16/10/2004 -On May 1, 2005, he became the youngest player ever to score a league goal for FC Barcelona – against Albacete when Messi was only 17 years, 10 months and 7 days old – At the Under 20 World Cup in Holland, Messi not only won the title with Argentina, but was also the leading goalscorer and was voted best player in the tournament. -His breakthrough came in the 2005-06 season -On May 1, 2005, he became the youngest player ever to score a league goal for FC Barcelona – against Albacete when Messi was only 17 years, 10 months and 7 days old He continued to develop in the 2007/08 campaign, when h e scored 16 goals and gave 10 assists in the 40 games he played in. -In the summer of 2008 he also played at the Beijing Olympics, and came home with a gold medal. -In the 2008/09 season, and now without Ronaldinho alongside him, Messi became the main star of the Barca show. -He managed to stay injury free all season, and played 51 games, scoring 38 goals. -In 2009, he finally won both the FIFA World Player and Ballon d’Or. -How far can Leo Messi go? He was the league’s top scorer in the 2009-10 season and equalled Ronaldo’s historic total of 34 goals (96-97). He scored the goal against Estudiantes that won Barca the Club’s first World Club Cup. -But without settling for that, the Argentinian went even further in the 2010/11 season, scoring no fewer than 53 official goals, a Spanish record only matched by Cristiano Ronaldo (that very same season) -In 2011, he also won the Ballon d’Or for the third time -In the season 2011/12 Messi moves past Cesar Rodriguez’s record of 232 goals to become the Club’s all time top goalscorer. -Messi is also captain of the Argentina national and has played in two World Cups (2006 and 2010) and two Copa Americas (2007 and 2011). Transition: To wrap things up I just want to say he his only 25 years. He still as more to give and more to receive. One of the biggest soccer events is about to start, World Cup 2014 his going to be and no doubt he will be in the spotlight. Conclusion: Although it is still too early to tell we can surely say we are looking at legend in the making Works Cited? owl. english. purdue. edu â€Å"Lionel Messi Worlds Greatest Player. † Dailymotion. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Lionel MESSI. † FIFA. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Messi 10. † Messi. N. p. , n. d. Web. 23 Oct. 2012. . How to cite Messi, Essay examples

Difference Between Management and Leadership †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Difference Between Management and Leadership. Answer: Introduction Leadership is a procedure where an individual motivates others to achieve an aim as well as directs the firm in a form that enables it to be coherent as well as cohesive. Leadership is also referred to as a way whereby a person influences a number of individuals to meet a similar target. Leaders undertake the procedure when utilizing the expertise in skills and leadership. It is known as the leadership of a process. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that we possess virtues that could influence our acts. This could be referred to as leadership of traits, which is explained as it initially was the norm believing that leaders were not made but born. Whereas leadership can be learnt, knowledge, as well as expertise derived from a leader, could be impacted by their traits such as values, beliefs, character, and ethics. Skills and talents appear to the leadership hierarchy, whereas other traits offer the leader particular skills that enable them to be distinct (Turner, 2014). Tempted as we were, we do not explore the difference betweenmanagement and leadership since this has been researched and covered extensively by others. However, it is worth very briefly considering what makes the notion of management' different from leadership.' Turner (2014) described what he calls the seven seismic shifts frommanagement to leadership. Self-Identity Self-identity is believed to offer an important role in the undertaking of student metamorphosis and is closely related to the growth of greater-order thinking capabilities. Distinct words have been applied to expound on the term, including 'self-regulation,' 'reflection-in-action' 'self-monitoring,' and others which can be used interchangeably. Self-reflection is defined as the awareness of presuppositions among us and challenging established thought patterns. In order to provide an understanding that is clearer of the concept, the report will initially explain the term 'reflection' and also self-reflection' to show the distinction between them(Turner 2014). I come from a vast extended family in India. I completed my Bachelor in Computer Application degree and currently completing my Masters in Perth (Edith Cowan University). Growing up I have heard stories of great leadership. My parents, as well as teachers, have given accounts whereby character(s). I have grown a liking for leaders who are ready to work with the group members. I have had enough fortune in my entire life to be in contact with such leaders. I can recall that on a number of occasions my manager and I, working so late on projects when he could have retired to bed, but instead made a choice to assist me. I learnt a number of vital concepts from these leaders. One was their caring aspect. They were not only just barking orders but also assisting in the groundwork as well. My trust and respect for these kinds of leaders were over the roof. Consequently, I was so loyal to them. Many leaders out there look for govern ship posts to satisfy their own hidden objectives. There are quite a number of self-serving factors why an individual would desire to head; for example status, power, money, and networking. However, the best-desired leaders head effectively as they are considerate of their people. Those types of leaders are the ones that I seek to emulate. They are good teachers through not only their words but also their deeds. They are not commanders but lead as servants. I once heard a motivational speaker say that when one is a leader, it is greater than the big cities corporate towers and the politics rotundas; it is all about the heart, about serving and about caring. Its about the positive influence and impact on the lives of people forever. Its assisting those around you to feel important and valued. Project Leadership Project leadership is vital. A successful and seasoned project leader is not only a master of the procedure but also an efficient people manager. Project leadership demands the capability to carry out tough decision-making processes, overcome staff challenges and to take control where needed, while at the same time dealing with technicalities of time and cost. To succeed one need to balance technical savviness with a grasp on group capabilities and interpersonal skills. The inadequacy in known authority in firms is first in the limitations list to the leadership of projects. Managers in projects have to personalize their interpersonal skills to suit their style to the character of every member of the team as well as those who they work with. That is the one sure way which managers of a project could potentially pay back for the inadequacies of formal control and authority. As soon as they type the individuals character and choose the appropriate means for handling them, they could potentially be in the middle of winning the battle. Another way of efficient leadership is the application of the top most ways of the training manager of the project manager and respect members of the team. Effectivemanagement of projects causes consistency and order. It is additionally explained that whereas management is critical, it's the complexity increase and also the business conditions volatility that brings about a requirement for better management. It can also be concluded that leadership entails handling of change and comprises of elements such as creating and showing direction, building a vision, and delegating group members and others. Achieving success in the handling of projects has turned more challenging because the conditions which projects could be delivered within has turned increasingly complex and volatile. It is made harder by the characteristics changes in the projects and group, for example swapping relationships in business, upcoming technologies, changing groups, and the more versatile stakeholders. In a dynamic business ecosystem, advocating for the management of the changing project needs a range of competencies and skills. The ones aligned to individuals and actions such as planning as well as communicating, unlike the ones spearheading technical aspects have increasingly become a key to the success of projects. The strong connection between the success of projects and its managers efficient outlines that it could be of great value to comprehend which talent and skills are key to effectiveness. However, the review found testing the talents and competencies of managers of projects is largely still a part of groups that seem to assume there is project static set. Project leadership has a number of theories. I feel that the situational leadership theory best details project leadership to me. Situational leadership management style is a group of forms of leadership that seem to show that unique styles are preferred in distinct situations and that efficient leaders ought to be dynamic enough to take their leadership style dependent on their followers labour maturity. One has to comprehend that choice of the correct leadership type is the source of any development and expertise of a couple of moves, especially when merging various management styles. Based on the theory, the actual action done by an individual while being a leader depends largely on the specific situation characteristics where one works. The situational theory guides me because it is leadership style that is adaptive. This plan enables leaders to count members of the team, and select the style of management that suits their targets and goals best. Here, the talents will be able to build individuals and work teams, build rapport as well as motivate their staff and utilize a similar style of administration on every department in a firm be it locally, nationally, or internationally (Burke, 2013). Some of the role models that guide my understanding in situational management theory are P. Summitt, D. Eisenhower, and John Wooden. Dwight Eisenhower was the U.S. president after Second World War. Then, one could also call him the Allied Commander. He was famous because of his diplomatic and how well he made the allied leaders perform alongside one another to triumph over the Nazi army. His roots in the army schooled him on ways of ordering well as directing army exercises as well as he required to become a man of state not to only control the big egos of his fellow leaders, however, to contest for the presidency and, in turn, win two office terms (Meredith et al., 2014). Wooden was the coach for the men's basketball UCLA team. Initially, he gained victory in a couple of Pacific Coast titles. In the given time he also had members of the team graduate and young members start on the team. The team gained victory seven consecutive titles beginning in the 60s. The record 88-game victories in the UCLA and a couple of titles ended in the mid 70s (Meredith et al., 2014). Summitt was the main coach of the Tennessee Women Volunteers team for almost four decades. Occasionally, she faced the challenges of creating a full new team. In spite of this, she went ahead and climaxed her career achieving a 1,098-208 record on overall as a coach. She was later made coach of the U.S. female basketball teamfor the 1984 Olympics, whereby she led the team to a gold medal victory (Meredith et al., 2014). Another theory that guides me is the total leadership theory. What would make an individual desire to be led by another? Persons expected guidance from leaders that have a sense of direction and are respected. To be respected, they have to be moral. A way of governance is accomplished by giving a good vision for years to come. When a decision has to be made whether people should go ahead and respect you, your attributes are not considered, rather, people observe your actions in order for them to really know you. This observation is used to determine your honour and trustworthiness an administrator or a self-fulfilling individual who misappropriate control to seem good and be promoted. Self-full filling leaders are not quite efficient because the staff obey them, not blindly follow them. They prosper in multiple fields because they give a pleasant picture to those above them at the worker's expense (Kerzner, 2013). I plan to be a leader that despite being a strict and decisive leader can be dynamic and adapt to different situations. Career Path As noted by Heathfield (2016), identifying a career path is an essential element of an individuals personal development plan. Every person whether employed or unemployed has goals to achieve in life. Career pathing is seen as one of the strategies for managing individuals career. An evaluation of career goals is important for a better understanding of what path to follow. With a computer applications degree, I have worked as a Data analyst right after my Bachelors degree locally in India. I was charged with obtaining the raw data and utilizing it to assist firms better make business decisions. This can result in finding out how pricing new commodities in the market are done, ways to reduce costs of transport, solving problems that impact negatively on the firms' revenue, or know a number of individuals ought to be in the office on Saturdays. I am looking forward to getting a job where I could put to use the skills I have learnt. I would like to possibly get a job in a big company; a company where I could nurture and improve my leadership skills with the aim of eventually starting a business. Id like to work in a company where Id gain much with the idea of starting a business. I desire to work for some years at a competitive, upcoming technology post whereby I could improve my knowledge and skills. In those years, I would like to: take advantage of new views and finally affect others, communicate among the sector leaders to build my contacts. Skills After my self-audit, I have realized I have skills in careful planning as well as the guidance of those Im charged with. I believe that I have gained more skills and become more of a critical, analytical and creative thinker. I have realized the ability to find substantial changes and become pro-active when giving ideas on solving problems. I think the skill most important to me would be being understanding to others that are the recognition and understanding when compromise and accommodating others is necessary. I have been equipped with skills that I would be able to use later in my career. It made more confident as well as a better attitude for curbing burdens in the labor force. Apart from the skills in technology, it also improved relations with public, customer support and skills in communication. Working as data analyst has equipped me with various traits (Heagney, 2016): Problem-Solving Analysis: Utilizing best ways to look into huge data amounts whereas improving great and keen eye. Efficient Communication: Making use of presentations as well as reports to expound hard and complicated methods to laymen. Thinking creatively: Researching on practices in businesses and looking for new ways for the analysis of data Knowledge in the industry: Getting an understanding for that which affects your sector and how information could add to the prosperity of a firms strategy. Leadership Mission As a leader, I desire to utilize my strengths to turn to the best possible individual for the role facing me. I would love to assist in the destruction of the oppression systematically by placing much power in the people hands, and I desire to support the youth, ideal individuals to perform similarly. I would like to be an inspiration to those around me to perform based on my words and actions, both written and oral. Key Work Relationships My key work relationships are with my manager and a couple of my workmates. A good working relationship with a manager may have different meanings. To me, my relationship with my manager is having a great communication form. The manager and I have a good rapport, and the ability to communicate enables me to grow and learn from my mistakes. A difficult relationship between your manager and you could affect negatively your psych, how productive you are, your joy, and obviously, your job. A relationship that is positive could enhance your psych, level of productivity and joy that can cause more success in jobs as promotions, increases, and great self-belief. During a meeting, I try to guess the queries that the manager could seek answers about the role or the post and have creative responses or ways for the managers to undertake. Forward thinking could really illustrate that I could be a vital team member. With my colleagues, I have a normal working relationship where we try to build and help each other. My colleagues and I have a nurturing relationship where those a bit higher in hierarchy encourage and teach us to grow as most of us look up to them. I trust that the colleagues want to help me when criticized. I believe that if one is working along with someone sitting just adjacent to you, maintaining relationships is needed in accomplishing ones targets as well as those your firms targets. A prosperous relationship is created based on respect, trust, and hard work, and needs continuous input from all parties. When challenges arise, they ought to be openly addressed in a manner qualified to assure the development of the relationship (Walker, 2015). Review of Strengths and Development Needs Strengths Development Needs Character On tasks I work on, I am thorough but. I am disciplined in my work but. I feel I need to be independent but. I believe I am decisive but. I feel I am supportive to others but. ..I do not need to go too far and become a perfectionist ..I do not need to be too rigid or demanding of self/others ..I would like to operate better with others ..I need to consider alternative options ..I need to stop conforming to the wishes of others Experience I have recently been promoted to higher rank but. ..I feel I need to gain more to pay back for the faith shown Mindset I feel I am open minded and flexible but. I believe I love challenges and Im energetic but. I feel that I am intelligent but. ..I feel I should be more respectful of already set rules ..I feel I should know when to admit defeat ..I should be mindful of other peoples ideas Skills I feel I communicate well with others but. I believe I am tolerant to stress but. I believe I am a critical thinker but. I feel I am people oriented but. I feel I am really analytical but. ..I need to be mindful of who I tell things ..I should take time to deal with it ..I should think quicker ..I ought to do it if needed and in needed thresholds ..I should be mindful of other people thoughts Leadership Development Plan TOPIC GOAL METHODS TIMEFRAME Leadership Look up more on my role models whether at home or outside Ascertain the specific skills required Look up on any reports on them as well as their speeches Skills such as communication skills ought to be properly gained Weekly Daily Passion Possess a great passion and morale for duties I work on I should begin by getting distinct ways that I could show my morale Ongoing Self-awareness I should work on self-regulation, self-awareness, empathy, motivation and social interaction methods I should get the strategies to raise self-awareness Ongoing Mentoring Look for a mentor I should identify potential mentors Ongoing Conflict Look for ways to deal with conflicts This could be achieved by being a good listener and learning to communicate Ongoing Stress I should exercise more so as to deal amicably with stress Exercising regularly is effective for stress management Daily Interpersonal skills Should develop interpersonal skills I ought to nurture, maintain as well as manage interpersonal skills Ongoing Inspiration I should draw inspiration from today's great leaders To start, I should make a list of leadership qualities that I think comprise of the talents, skills, experiences, and abilities of a viable leader. Ongoing Summary Successful leaders are in sizes and outlook. No two places of work are the same, and neither are two administrators similar. The thought of building a leadership creation plan more particularly, a noted list of leadership creation acts is vital (Walker, 2015). Each one of us must have created mental lists on stuff to do and quickly forgotten on the same. It is therefore vital for me as I have learnt to record a procedure of self-analysis, true appraisal, and personal reflection of my strengths as well as weaknesses. This could make me test the strength of the training received, and evaluate my development in leadership (Walker, 2015). References Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA. Heagney, J. (2016). Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Heathfield, M.S. (2016). How Do I Make a Career Path Plan? Retrieved from https://www.thebalance.com/career-pathing-1918080 Kerzner, H. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Meredith, J. R., Mantel Jr, S. J., Shafer, S. M. (2013). Project management in practice. Wiley Global Education. Turner, J. R. (2014). The handbook of project-based management (Vol. 92). New York, NY: McGraw-hill. Walker, A. (2015). Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

My Chinese Dream free essay sample

Since used by incumbent Chinese president Xi Jinping on November 29, 2012, the term meaning to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, Chinese dream, has been a catchword. Every Chinese is talking about it. â€Å"My Chinese dream is to get a stable job†, a laid-off worker said when investigated. â€Å"Mine is to give birth to lovely twin brother and sister†, a pregnant woman claimed. If asked, as a grassroots undergraduate, my Chinese dream is that we young people have confidence in and hope for a bright future. Many cases of college students killing their schoolmates draw people’s attention. To name a few, this April, a junior undergraduate Jiang in Fudan University was poisoned by his roommate Huang to death just because of a small quarrel. In 2010, one was killed and two were wounded by student Zeng of Sichuan University only for mocking his plain appearance. A versatile student Zhu from Tsinghua University was poisoned by an intimate of her according to the police in 1994. We will write a custom essay sample on My Chinese Dream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page How ridiculous these top students’ behaviors are! They are smart and hard-working enough to enter college, but they are stupid and diffident enough to give up their years of hard work and decades of bright future in the blink of an eye just for an ill-considered impulse. They may be top students, but definitely not excellent students. As the old saying goes, man proposes, God disposes. We students should strive for a bright future through our competence, rather than turning to some evil deeds or impractical shortcuts. No one is perfect, so what’s important is to correct your own demerits, not to bear a grudge on others’ merits. â€Å"I worked hard for 18 years, only to have a cup of coffee with you. † This phenomenon is getting more and more pervasive. Nowadays, the gap between the rich and the poor is so big that those born poor are likely to toil all their lives to catch up with the rich second generation. As a result, many young people become cynical and begin to lose heart on their comparatively slim chance of success. Of course they have good reason to think that way. It’s proved that the better family background one has, the easier he gets a job and the higher his initial salary is. There is no doubt that students by no means start from the same point and rich students are easier to achieve success. However, should we grassroots students give up our dreams just because some stupid gaps? Should we lose hope on our future just because we’ve seen through the merciless reality? Should we let down our loved ones and ourselves just because of our own cowardice? No! As young and energetic college students, we must be confident and hopeful that a bright future is beckoning to us somewhere. We just need to stay hungry for knowledge and stay foolish about the cruelty of life. We don’t love life for its perfection; we love life because of its authenticity. Realizing its flaws and still love it, that is real love. Let’s unload unnecessary items, take our Chinese dreams, embark on a raft and start our wonderful journey. Thank you!

Free Essays on History Of Depression

Depression – What is it? Depression is an affliction that over 20% of Americans will experience in some form during their lifetime. It is one of the most common and serious mental health problems facing people today. Many people experience feelings of sadness, or melancholy every now and then. But when these feelings last for weeks, months or even years, it is referred to as clinical depression. Depression can hamper a person's ability to function effectively throughout the day and even eliminate their desire to get out of bed in the morning to face the day. According to the National Institute of Health, in any given year, 9.5% of the population in the United States will have a depressive disorder , with women more than twice as likely as men to experience depression at sometime in their life. Those most likely to experience depression are married women, women in poverty, adolescents, and unmarried men. Depressive illnesses often interfere with normal daily functioning and cause pain and suffering both to th ose who have the disorder as well as those who care about them. Many people begin to feel depressed because of a notable event or events. The events of September 11, 2001 are an example of those types of events. Not only did these tragedies affect families who lost loved ones but also those who may have only witnessed the events on television. The suddenness and intensity of the attack was so incomprehensible that many were unable to cope and fell into a depressed state. Family history and genetics also play a part in the greater likelihood of someone becoming depressed in their lifetime. Increased stress and inadequate coping mechanisms to deal with that stress may also contribute to depression. Depression is not a purely biochemical or medical disorder. There are biological and psychological components to every depression. Types of Depression When people talk about â€Å"being depressed† they are typically referring to... Free Essays on History Of Depression Free Essays on History Of Depression Depression – What is it? Depression is an affliction that over 20% of Americans will experience in some form during their lifetime. It is one of the most common and serious mental health problems facing people today. Many people experience feelings of sadness, or melancholy every now and then. But when these feelings last for weeks, months or even years, it is referred to as clinical depression. Depression can hamper a person's ability to function effectively throughout the day and even eliminate their desire to get out of bed in the morning to face the day. According to the National Institute of Health, in any given year, 9.5% of the population in the United States will have a depressive disorder , with women more than twice as likely as men to experience depression at sometime in their life. Those most likely to experience depression are married women, women in poverty, adolescents, and unmarried men. Depressive illnesses often interfere with normal daily functioning and cause pain and suffering both to th ose who have the disorder as well as those who care about them. Many people begin to feel depressed because of a notable event or events. The events of September 11, 2001 are an example of those types of events. Not only did these tragedies affect families who lost loved ones but also those who may have only witnessed the events on television. The suddenness and intensity of the attack was so incomprehensible that many were unable to cope and fell into a depressed state. Family history and genetics also play a part in the greater likelihood of someone becoming depressed in their lifetime. Increased stress and inadequate coping mechanisms to deal with that stress may also contribute to depression. Depression is not a purely biochemical or medical disorder. There are biological and psychological components to every depression. Types of Depression When people talk about â€Å"being depressed† they are typically referring to...

The Presumption of Innocence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Presumption of Innocence - Essay Example Amid this reality, justice must be the grandest virtue in a democratic society and truth must be its basic attribute. The laws and institutions become nothing and insignificant if these used as an instrument for injustice. The latter will drumbeat the call for reformation and abolition of these structures if it perpetuates discrimination, human rights violation, deprivation of liberty, and if the rights of the citizenry are bargained for elitist interest. Injustice is unbearable. It dehumanizes and alienates us from our political ideals or convictions. Justice is supposed to at the core of civilization’s social contracts. Many political and social philosophers have made noble abstractions and theories about systems of governance and yet they commonly agreed that justice’s guiding principles are the foundational pillar required to safeguard free and rational persons to experience equality as they associate with the rest of the civilization. Through this, they will be abl e to specify the nature and kind of social cooperation or collaboration needed to form that kind of government for the enjoinment of their basic rights and the performance of duties. It also defines the social benefits they needed to relish therefrom. It’s also through this dream for a just society that fellows are able to establish regulations and policies to set norms for social behavior and interaction. Every person must decide with reasonable reflection on what constitutes good and that which is fair against the unjust; equitable against inequitable. True, peoples progress, develop, and change. The nature of social contract for a just society also evolves. The populace social conduct became its culture and the past became historical facts unearthed to shed understanding for the present. Those bloody wars of the past and the conflicts that espoused the evolution of society also alter the course or direction of a nation. Many of those social phenomena required application g enuine justice for social healing and to embody a nation of social cohesion.  

Investment Advice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Investment Advice - Essay Example The share prices of the stocks which are being traded in the market, are decided by incorporating and reflecting all associated information (Quiry, Dallochio, & Vernimmen, 2011). The supporters of the Efficient Market Hypothesis are of the idea that the stocks or shares are always traded at their fair value, which in turn makes it almost impossible for the investors to manipulate the overall stock market by either indulging in the purchase of low priced stocks or selling the high priced stocks. According to this theory, it is not possible for the investors to manipulate or outperform the stock market as the market is efficient in terms of incorporating all relevant information.Efficient market hypothesis is believed to be applicable in the real stock markets by some of the analysts. Many of the financial analysts and economists are of the view that the stock markets are always efficient in terms of reflecting the complete information associated with the different stocks and the overa ll stock market. This school of thought is of the view that it is possible for the stock market to be efficient, as any new information in the market is passed on very rapidly and hence this information is incorporated in the prices of the stocks. This makes it impossible for the investors and financial analysts to take advantage through the techniques of technical analysis or fundamental analysis. This concept of efficient market hypothesis is directly related with the concept behind the ‘random walk’.... EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS Efficient market hypothesis is one of the famous financial or investment theories, which tries to explain the general behaviour and trend in the stock market. According to this theory, it is not possible for any investor, either big or large, to beat the market because the stock market is efficient. The share prices of the stocks which are being traded in the market, are decided by incorporating and reflecting all associated information (Quiry, Dallochio, & Vernimmen, 2011). The supporters of the Efficient Market Hypothesis are of the idea that the stocks or shares are always traded at their fair value, which in turn makes it almost impossible for the investors to manipulate the overall stock market by either indulging in the purchase of low priced stocks or selling the high priced stocks. According to this theory, it is not possible for the investors to manipulate or outperform the stock market as the market is efficient in terms of incorporating all rele vant information. Efficient market hypothesis is believed to be applicable in the real stock markets by some of the analysts. Many of the financial analysts and economists are of the view that the stock markets are always efficient in terms of reflecting the complete information associated with the different stocks and the overall stock market. This school of thought is of the view that it is possible for the stock market to be efficient, as any new information in the market is passed on very rapidly and hence this information is incorporated in the prices of the stocks. This makes it impossible for the investors and financial analysts to take advantage through the techniques of technical analysis or fundamental analysis. This concept

Therapy Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Therapy Models - Essay Example According to the paper, in order to achieve success, in this case, is to break the habits and thought patterns that the patient is constantly trapped in. The urge to consumer an addictive substance is so strong that the patient cannot fight it alone. It’s like controlling an elephant that a person rides on. If the elephant starts taking decisions on its own, start moving wherever it wishes, the driver will have no control on it no matter how much he yells and shouts. But when the elephant and the rider are in such an area that doesn’t have anything that would lure the elephant towards it (alcohol, depressed thoughts), than the elephant can in fact roam freely around. The elephant example is just for understanding how strong the urge is of an addict to get his ‘fix’. Clinical treatment models that are normally used to treat such patients include; inpatient and outpatient treatment, extended care centers, recovery houses (more commonly known as the rehab cent ers), counseling, support groups and orthomolecular medicine. There is a huge emphasis on the reasons why a patient chooses drugs and alcohol and why does he keep taking it? If the patient consciously wants to get rid of the addiction than help is almost everywhere however if there is a belief system tied to the use of the substance then it gets hard for the health providers to treat the patient. For instance in the case of Devdas, he simply chose to use alcohol because it helped him forget the thought of his love for a while. If asked, he would definitely say that ‘let him be’ he likes the pain and misery he is in. Treating such patients can be more difficult than normal addicts, quite contrary to Cynthia (our imaginary patient who came to the clinic herself). She is seeking help and desperately wants to get rid of her chronic depression.

Implications of Single Parent Families

Implications of Single Parent Families The issue of single parenthood has been of much discussion if many societies in the recent past mainly to the increment of these families and the perceived inability of the failure of societies to stop this (Booth, Crouter 2002). In many societies, the nature of life with relations to jobs, interaction, life expectations and extended families may give rise to or create an environment that is deemed to be conducive for the existence single parents (Antecol, Bedard 2005, Ray 2010). In the view of this essay, single parent families pose different implications to different societies in the world which can again be defined by income levels, religious affiliations, geographical disposition and even technological development levels (Cheal 2003), this is to say that, there are certain implications that may be prevalently negative due in technologically advanced societies and not necessarily with the same intensity in economically deprived societies or deeply religious societies. The view held by this essay is that, generally, single parent families pose various negative implications to the societies as a whole. This essay will therefore describe what single parent families are, also, the essay will briefly discuss the rise of single parent families and provide an elaborate evaluation about the implications and lastly provide an evaluation about what could be done to deal with these implications. Single parent families Single parent families may be described as those families that have only one member of the parents being represented and not both the parent and conventionally, this may imply that either the father or the mother is absent and the children are brought up by the other parent (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006). According to Deleire, Kalil (2010), a single parent family is a family that appears normal in representation but with the absence of a resident member of the parents being either the mother or the father. It is however important to develop an understanding about what parentage means, as this will facilitate the creation of a more holistic view of the concept. This is because, while (Furlong, Cartmel 2007), viewed parents as both the man and the woman who live together and hence both take an active part in raising the children and keeping the family together, (Hantrais, Flipov, Billari 2006), notes that that is a view that is conventionally confined to straight families that leaves the homosexual parents out of its definition and is hence limited. According to Campbell et al (2008), the rise of homosexuality, especially in developed economies is increasingly ruling out the conventional definition that includes man and woman. Another view that has been taken by (Hayslip, Kaminski 2008), notes that by stating that the man and woman must be living together, the subjective problem is that these must be under one roof for most of their day or week, which is increasingly becoming impossible when the need to provide for the family increasingly leading to parents living apart as they seem to fend for their families. Could this arrangement be termed as single parentage? Probably the definition given by (Paterson 2001), is more acceptable as it brings about the psychological and physical aspect of this family composition, because, this definition views single parents as those who are physically and emotionally detached from each other and hence one or each of the parents look after all or some of the children, as the outcome of separation for the other partner. The causes The view held by Bradshaw (2003), and Deleire, Kalil (2010), is that it is not possible to understand the implications of single parent families without identifying the cause of existence of such families. The following are the causes of the rise in single parent families; First, death of the is the primary cause of these families since death of the parent deprives the family of one of the parents. Therefore in societies where terminal illnesses are prevalent or where death rates are higher, the probability of having many single parents and hence such families is also very high (Edwards 2009). But at this point it is important to note that the existence of single parent families as a result of death may only be temporary if the widow or widower remarries after a period of mourning, which may extend to a few years, therefore, single parentage only arises when there is no re-marriage. In many a society, depending on the ages of the widow (er), re-marriage may be an option, also, and this is to imply that if the marriage takes place when the children are already old and have left the house, the case of single parentage may not arise since in the view of Egeland, Carlson, Sroufe (2009), single parentage exist where children are still in the care of the par ents. Secondly, according to Hayslip, Kaminski (2008), divorce, which may be caused by a multitude of reasons, is another case for single parentage. This is because, divorce leads to estrangement of the partners and this leaves one of the partners with the duty of taking care of the children. The increased rise in divorce cases, which is caused by disagreements or as is in the recent past, mutual agreements, leads to the aforesaid single parentage. Divorce cases are on the increase in all societies both the Western and Orient, the rich and poor across the globe (Hill, Hill 2003). Third, economic reasons (Heckman 2008, Melchior et al. 2009) which come about by the need to stay apart, sometimes for weeks or months or even years hence leading one of the partners to have sole responsibility for upbringing, but this may be disputed since the other partner, mainly the man, still parents the children indirectly by sending money and issuing instructions (Hutchings et al 2007). But as noted earlier, single parentage has much to do with psychological imbalance than just the presence of one of the partners and the continued absence of one of the parents may mean that the each of the parents and even the children experience the psychological imbalance that exists (Ray 2010). Fourth, decayed moral fabric of many societies have lead to early or unwanted pregnancies which in turn leads to single mothers having to take full responsibilities of their children as the supposed fathers are either not known or are simple not ready to take responsibilities for parentage (Rimm, Rimm 2008). In this case, according to (Cheal 2003) societal vices like wartime rape cases are also immoral and when they lead to pregnancies, then single parentage arises. Fifth, religious beliefs, according to (Furlong, Cartmel 2007), some religious beliefs may lead to women having to give birth as the options of abortion is not considered and as such when this happens then they may be left to deal with child raising on their own. According to (Rimm, Rimm 2008), this belief is predominant in the Catholic denomination of the Christian faith where, even family planning methods are not entertained. Sixth, adoption cases are also on the rise and these also causing the non-biological existence of single parentage when the children are adopted by one person (Bradshaw 2003). Since most laws on adoption do not curtail this practice to the existence of both the parents (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006) and (Ray 2010), it is increasingly becoming easy to adopt by individual. Seventh, the sense of independence that is now sought after by many women who may not wish to have their own children but not under the control of anyone else has also contributed to the rise of such families (Egeland, Carlson, Sroufe (2009) and (Furlong, Cartmel 2007). The view held by this essay is that, for this to happen, the mother must be assured of their ability to take care of their children especially to provide for their material needs (Hayslip, Kaminski 2008). This is therefore a major cause for the rise in relatively developed economies where jobs can be created then in developing economies. The factors given above denote that there are many reason causing rise of single parent families and most of which are beyond the control of the parent or even the state, but, the state can, to some extent have effective measures of dealing with this situation although this may take time, for instance change the tax benefit system for single families may not be an easy process as it is political, but (Cheal 2003), notes that this can only go to a certain extent but will not hold families which are in marital problems together. The Implications As seen in the discussion above, there are various cause of single parentage and these hence mean that the implications are also many as given below; First, single parent families deprive the children of the benefits of having the other parent (McBride 2006). This according to Hall and Hall (2007), Osberg (2003), may lead to serious behavioural problems cased by the sense of deficiency, which the child realises through his/her peers. For instance, according to the research by (McLanahan 2000), lack of father figure may often lead to behavioural problems by the children, which may make them to start having problems with the law at a very early age. However, (Peele 2004), made an attempt to state that behavioural problems might be caused by any factor and not necessarily lack of the father figure, but this view has been contested by (Pounds 2007), who noted that the father figure may be found in the mother and hence, the view held here is that the child grows to note a difference between him/her with other children and it is this psychological knowledge of abnormality that makes the child to have tendencies of negative reaction and begin to be on the wrong side of the law. Secondly, as a result of having problems with the law, the government may be forced to spend a lot of money on rehabilitation and this may hence mean that in serious case scenario, the government will have to allocate more money to the social welfare department and activities at the expense of other development allocations (Tanner 2003). According to (McLanahan 2000) and (Cheal 2003), this is a major problem since the allocations to this department are not productive either in the short or the long term. According to Yarber, Sharp (2010), when children are taken into custody for correction, they may not necessarily respond positively to this custodial correction and on the contrary, they may become rebellion and the purpose will have been defeated. However, (Deleire, Kalil 2010), noted that this is a problem with less scientific ways of rehabilitation that leave children to feel like criminals than potentially productive members of the society. Thirdly, single parentage may result in unnecessary allocations of benefits to the single parents in a welfare state (Telegraph 2009, BBC News 2007 and Thisismoney 2009). This is a terrible outcome on many fronts. In the view of this essay, tax benefits on single parents bring about single families that encourage child vices as held in the first and second part above, and at the same time takes away money from the exchequer in an unproductive ways leading to serious deficit problems which the UK is facing currently (BBC News 2007). This is seen as the social problems that extend to political problems in the society and this to many a normal families becomes an unfortunate situation since it appears that single parentage is rewarded and normal parentage is punished ((Booth, Crouter 2002). According to (Rimm, Rimm 2008), the reason the benefits which lead to budgetary imbalances are unfair when given to most of the single parents is that the system will most certainly stand to be abuse d by those who know how to do so. Also it is generally impossible for the governments to know for certainty who of the single parents are in their situations in a genuine way and lastly, there will be no way of having in place a more effective control measures to compromise the parents or even to ensure that the society is trained on the importance of a normal family when there is seemingly more advantages of staying single than in a family (Wang, Benard 2004 ). Fourth, single parent families exposes the parent or the children or both to abuses especially if the parent is the mother and not the father (Deleire, Kalil 2010), this is the view that is also held by (Yarber, Sharp 2010, Rimm, Rimm 2008), who stated that when the children are left with the mother alone, chance are that the society will note the vulnerability of this entire family and those who wish to exploit them will do so in various ways (Furlong, Cartmel 2007) for instance a supposedly caring boyfriend or partner may abuse the children due to lack of real parentage attachment to them. The mothers may also be under severe abuse as a result of this and while this is not to suggest that the abuse is often physical, but they may be taken advantage of either due to their money or property after which they will be left in a sorry state (McLanahan 2000). According to (Deleire, Kalil 2010), the probability of suffering by single mothers is higher than the women in a normal relationshi p, since these single mothers and even their children are viewed to have no where to go to (Wu 2009). However, Deleire, Kalil (2010), noted that such abuses, as much as they exist in many a society, they are more prevalent in the developing than developed societies, because, in developed societies certain infrastructure exist that may discourage such instances for instance, quick police responses and CCTVs which when coupled with increased profiling, may deter violent abuses, this is not the case in the developing economies. Fifth, according to McLanahan (2000) and Swick, Williams (2010) single parent families are bound to have increased stress than a normal family due to the lack of shared responsibilities. This is a crucial problem in that, in single parent families, the lone father or mother bears all the burden of parentage, including fending for the family and looking after the children interest (Wu 2009). According to Swick, Williams (2010), this causes the parent to provide less than sufficient attention to the children and to snap at minor provocation which may affect the childs psychology due to abuses, beatings and even serious sufferings that might be inflicted on to the children who may suffer in silence (Wang, Benard 2004). While this view has also been supported by (Furlong, Cartmel 2007) and (Deleire, Kalil 2010) who noted that such parents cause problems to themselves and to their children, (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006) and (Jackson, Preston, Franke, 2010), have not supported it and they state that stress can exist more in a normal family than in a single parent family and it all depends on what the parent is doing and not the state of the parent. This is because; most single parents are resilient and can bear stress in a far better way than normal parents. Sixth as their parents are stressed, children may hence be stressed too which may affect their ability to perform well in school. This is because; children may not be able to handle the psychological pressures that come with stress, which may be translated to mean deprivation and withdrawal (Wang, Benard 2004), these children are more likely to experience serious dysfactionalities and absent-mindedness which are also psychological in nature and hence loss concentration in the classroom (Anderson A., et al 2008), however, (Wu 2009), seriously disputes this notion by stating that children in abusive but normal families are the ones who may show such tendencies as they live in the terror of abusive parents. This seem to be a more credible point of view as the children in such families are left with little option if they view, for instance, their mother to be helpless and their fathers to be monsters (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006), this may not exist in single parent families. According to (Ri mm, Rimm 2008), the main implication in this case is that the children who may wish to compare themselves to their mates, may find themselves lacking especially if they also come across teachers who talk about the parent that is not in the childs life (Jackson, Preston, Franke, 2010). According to the research conducted by (Zastrow, Karen 2009), in Denmark, on an average, the children from single parent backgrounds were found to be performing poorly in the classroom than those in the normal families, however, this research produced an interesting finding by stating that, on average, the performance was worst soon after the parents have split and as the child recovers from the shock, they, mentally accept the reality if it is explained clearly to them and their performance may improve (Wang, Benard 2004). (McLanahan 2000), took a very different point of view by stating that childs performance has nothing to do with their family set-ups but everything to do with the schools that they are studying in, because, good schools which are sought after produced an average of better results with higher grades for every child (Melchior et al. 2009) as opposed to the average schools. Seventh, according to (Furlong, Cartmel 2007), single parents families may cause a spiral effect on the future generations by having children who develop greater tendencies to being single parents themselves as they grow to learn to be the mother and father of their families at the same time. This, according to (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006), is a positive implication in creating a resilient society, but, according to Yarber, Sharp (2010), the resilience is to the extent of the child being able to handle pressure in the future at work but not positive in encouraging a normal family existence (Melchior et al. 2009 ). According to (Rimm, Rimm 2008, Yarber, Sharp 2010), the ability to act as a mother and father at the same time has nothing whatsoever to do with positive societal framework and resilience does not replace the discipline and order that can exist with the existence of both the parents, therefore, this notion of resilience is self defeating. Eighth, according to the research conducted by (Zastrow, Karen 2009) and (McLanahan 2000), single parent families face serious economic deprivation, poverty and even exposure to vices like prostitution, theft and greater likelihood of suicide. The study here was related to material problems that the single parents face and it was found that when there is shared responsibilities, the family may sustain unlike if such is not present (Rimm, Rimm 2008). This is because, in a single parent family, the source of income may be one especially in cases where one partner died or where there was unwanted pregnancy, this may lead to deprivation where children lack what they need and when this prevails, and stress comes in, the tendency to resort to extreme measures (Melchior et al. 2009). Prostitution is one of the common ways of fighting poverty when other measures seem to have failed (Jackson, Preston, Franke, 2010), also, in worse cases, suicides may be the way out of misery by both the paren t and the child(ren), and these are practices that do not only wreck the single parent family but also the normal families (Jackson, Choi, Bentler 2009). Discussion and Conclusion This essay has managed to highlight various issues that relate to single parenthood as they affect various societies. Single parenthood is a major problem that confronts all societies alike. It is the view of this essay that the implications can only be dealt with if the causes are identified. As seen in this essay, the main causes of this situation range from family disagreements to natural causes to political factors of the welfare state, these are far reaching and hence with much more greater implications and it may not be possible to adopt a single method of tackling these as the approach has to be multi faceted. The best way to tackle the problem of single parenthood is to ensure that the social and moral fabric is addressed (Rimm, Rimm 2008, Yarber, Sharp 2010), and the view of this discussion is that for this to be done, the schools must be encouraged to adopt curricula that educates and instils on the children the importance of family without seeking to find out how their families are composed, this will cause sanity to the moral thinking of the society and as the generation ages, the importance of family will be glorified (Melchior et al. 2009). Also, religious based organisations must be consulted and asked to help by having their teachings geared towards family cohesion and not family breakages, this however requires the society to be more responsive to religious calls which may not be a major issue sin many societies. Also, the rules that make divorce easy and benefiting especially to the other partner who goes to share half the wealth must be re-discussed and changes adopted (Yarber, Sharp 2010), in the UK, the mother is generally given the duty to look after the children while in the USA (Rimm, Rimm 2008), this duty is shared with the father also taking part, this is in the case of divorces, the shared responsibility may reduce the vices that children may show since they still enjoy the company and teachings of the parents. However, in the cases of death, it is obvious that there cannot be any arrangement of custodial rights for the other party as they are not there, but this calls for strengthening the community spirit, so that the whole society can be charged with the duty of taking care of the children (Booth, Crouter 2002, Yarber, Sharp 2010), of course schools can only play a limited role and the extended family needs to take an active role, yet, it must be realised that this cannot be forc ed either, however, the government can to some extent facilitate this by reducing the benefits given to the single parents who choose to do so simply to benefit from the tax benefits, this will lead to more reliance on family and lastly, foster caring should be vetted and allowed for normal families alone as a way of placing the child in a normal family and avoiding future problems (Melchior et al. 2009). Lastly, as seen from this discussion, there are more negative implications of single parent families than are positive ones, which denote that this is a societal problem that needs to be dealt with and it calls for society-wide participation to deal with it. While single parents must be cared for, care must be taken to ensure that this care is not misinterpreted and abused by others who may have other options.

Friends Essay -- Television Shows Entertainment Papers

Friends Welcome to "New York," where the folks are friendly, the buildings never falter, and all quarrels end with a quip. Not to be found on the East Coast, this Burbank, California-based "New York" is the setting of "Friends," the popular situation comedy that first aired on NBC in 1994. With roughly sixteen million households tuning in each week, not to mention syndication of re-runs, "Friends" has become a cultural icon. "Friends" is more than just a sit-com that begins on Thursday at eight o'clock and ends at eight-thirty. It is a living, breathing, fictional reality like a second home that isn't lived in, but lived through. Many viewers talk about the characters on "Friends" as if they were, in fact, close personal friends. They remember specific lines from episodes that aired years ago; they know each character's life history, personality traits, compulsions, strengths, weaknesses, idiosyncrasies; they even remember the names of minor characters who have appeared in only o ne or two episodes (Simon B4). The show is about six singles who "hang out in a New York City apartment, drink coffee, and make jokes" (Chidley 48). Although this simple premise borders on boredom, don't be fooled. NBC has shown us through shows such as "Seinfeld," which paraded itself as "a show about nothing," that less equals success, as far as ratings and viewer approval are concerned. The key to "Friend's" success, however, is not the inherent mediocrity of the premise. Rather, the simplicity of the premise redirects creative energy toward crafting incredibly well written dialogue to be superbly performed by a quirky, energetic, and charming cast. The humorous dialogue, the chemistry between the actors, and the charisma that emanate... ...ood Library. 18 March 2002. "A Cultural Touchstone." People 31 Dec. 2001: 68. Academic Search Elite Full Text. Palni SiteSearch. Goshen College Good Library. 18 March 2002. "The Girl Friend." Rolling Stone 7 Mar. 1996: 34. Academic Search Elite Full Text. Palni SiteSearch. Goshen College Good Library. 18 March 2002. Rice, Jim. "With 'Friends' Like These." March 31, 2002. http://www.sojo.net/magazine/index.cfm/action/sojourners/issue/soj9605/article/960541d.html Simon, Richard Keller. "Much Ado About 'Friends': What Pop Culture Offers Literature." Chronicle of Higher Education. 16 June 2000: B4. Academic Search Elite Full Text. Palni SiteSearch. Goshen College Good Library. 18 March 2002. Wild, David. "Six Lives on Video Tape." Rolling Stone 18 May 1995: 62. Academic Search Elite Full Text. Palni SiteSearch. Goshen College Good Library. 18 March 2002.

Definitions of Justice in the Melian Dialogue

Amidst an interlude in the fierce struggle for power between the two dominant Greek poleis, Athens and Sparta, the Peloponnesian war, there was unrest. Despite the Peace of Nicias, belligerence between the two states did not cease, but rather took on a new face. While careful to remain within the parameters set several years before in the peace treaty, Athens moved cautiously, but aggressively in establishing alliances, albeit coerced, and strengthening its empire. It was at this juncture that it made its move toward securing the small, weak island-state of Melos, which in its neutral independence suggested danger to the Athenian empire.In a move not of fairness, but of survival, Athens offered the Melians an ultimatum: to be subjugated under Athenian rule as a colony, or be utterly destroyed. It is the Melian dialogue which follows and presents the presumed diplomatic debate between the two nations; the Melian people’s argument for their own neutrality, and the Athenian peopl e’s attempt to persuade them to submit. The issue which arises in light of the events at Melos remains to be whether it is the people of Melos’ views of justice which is correct, or if it is Athens’ definition which is truer.By examining each city-state’s contributions to the Melian dialogue, each respective interpretation becomes clear, enabling further judgement on the event’s outcome. The Athenians offer the Melians a choice in their own fate, both of which result in Athens’ domination; essentially, this boils down to the Athenian’s definition of justice lying in expediency for those in power. Not a question of fairness, for them, justice lies in survival, and that which results in the most certain preservation of both the subduer and the subdued is just, â€Å"†¦ t would involve your submitting before suffering the worst possible fate, and we would profit from not destroying you,† (Thuc, V, 91). For the Athenians, thei r own pursuit of power, and that which enables its acquisition, is paramount to survival, and as heirs to this mentality, they believe it only natural and therefore not reprehensible, â€Å"divinity†¦ and mankind†¦ are under an innate compulsion to rule wherever empowered. Without being either the ones who made this law or the first to apply it after it was laid down, we applied it as one in existence†¦ and one that will endure for all time,† (Thuc. V, 105). The Athenians see no injustice in doing simply as their nature impels them to do. In fact, the Athenians see their offer of subjugation to the Melian people as more than reasonable, â€Å"What we will demonstrate is that we are here to help our empire and that there is salvation for your city in what we are now about to say, since we hope to rule over you without trouble and let both parties benefit as you are saved,† (Thuc. , V, 91). Following their belief in doing what is necessary to strengthen th emselves, even at the expense of others, is what brings Athens to Melos.The Melians, contrarilly, see justice as grounded in fairness. They contend that action based in reason is the true definition of justice. â€Å"There is every advantage in your not destroying a universal benefit, but that at all times there be fairness and justice for those in danger,† (Thuc. ,V, 90). This belief in abstinence from aggression without cause is what defines the fundamental differences in the Athenian’s and the Melian’s philosophies. As a neutral state, Melos remained impartial up until it was confronted by Athens, and it is this confrontation which violates the Melian definition of justice.Having not been harmed by the Melians, nor threatened, they had no right, in the Melian’s eyes, to act toward them with hostility. Desiring only to be left alone, the Melians wanted Athens to accept their neutrality and depart, â€Å"You would not tolerate our staying neutral, frien ds not enemies, but allies of neither side? † (Thuc. , V, 94). According to the Melian definition of justice, Athens has no reason or right to inflict any harm upon them, nor to coerce them into the loss of their independence.Having had no desire to take part in the war between Athens and Sparta, Melos’ conception of justice was disregarded as Athens imposed their own definition of justice upon the island-state, at which point, Melos was forced to fight. The results of Athenian’s view on justice are exemplified its being an empire state holding power over many and acting with aggression when the opportunity for greatness is before it. Holding justice to be that which benefits the strong, the building of an empire serves to allow the mother nation-state to collect monetary benefits and resources from those states which it dominates.This collection enables the powerful polis to become more so and then further its sphere of influence. Additionally, this definition o f justice permits an ambitious city-state to spread, conquering not only the states which stand in direct opposition, but also any that could serve as a barrier to reaching absolute greatness. The Melian’s definition of greatness, likewise, serves to explain its position as an isolationism island city-state. In order to act justly, in accordance with Melian belief, a nation-state must act with aggression only in instances where it is necessary for the safety and welfare of its citizens and only as defensive.Justice would require the respect of a peaceable state’s existence, and the humane treatment of all wartime participants. A just state could not openly provoke another state without cause, nor upset its independence. Ultimately, it was not only a question of justice which lead to the genocide at Melos, but also one of power. It was the Athenian’s drive for power, especially control over others, which lead to its provocation of the Melians, and in fact, their definition of justice nearly demanded it.Under the belief in that which served its own benefit as justice, Athens was spurred toward the indispensable pursuit of power, specifically power over the Melians. The Melian philosophy of neutrality and fairness is in direct opposition to this bellicose ideology. At its heart, the fundamentals of Melian justice conflict with the pursuit of power, i. e. , dominance over others and therefore with Athens, resulting in an insurmountable discrepancy over which their negotiations are futile to transcend.Though the Melian dialogue is a primarily fictional account of a conversation written by a former Athenian, it is clear that the definition of justice that is favored in Thucydides’ account is that of the Melians. Logical and noble, it is the Melian’s defenses of their own interests that wins out as the stronger, while leaving the Athenians’ assertions of justice sounding brutish, pessimistic, and altogether contrary to modern conceptions of justice. It is the Melian’s definition which wins out as truly virtuous and altruistic, exactly what justice should be.

Free Essays on Child Abuse

Most of us find it difficult to imagine how anyone could abuse infants and children. We can’t comprehend it. It doesn’t to us. In the past, our society has tried to deny it and pretend that such abuse did not exist. However, child abuse has been of the most prominent and acknowledged problems in Americans society. For many years, the enormity of the problem was simply inconceivable. Two factors brought the concerns and difficulties associated with abuse to the forefront of social consciousness. First was admitting the problems of child abuse. The second, acknowledging that abuse is present in families of all cultures, religions, and socioeconomic classes.1Experts now recognize abuse as a severe problem with potentially harmful and even devastating effects on children and adults who were abused children.2 Popular and clinical writings use varying definitions of child abuse. For the most part, child abuse includes physical harmful contact ranging from fondling to rape, neglect of physical well-being, and emotional harm through verbal abuse.3 Often children are victims of several forms of mistreatment. Not every abused child develops emotional or psychiatric problems. However, child abuse does seem to increase the likelihood of several difficulties.4 This may include aggression toward or avoidance of others, hyperactivity, anxiety, emotional withdrawal, mild to severe delays in physical and emotional growth, and sexualized behaviors. 5 Clearly, abuse contributes to a child’s concept of life. This may include a sense of loss of a good and just world, a negative outlook, and a lack of trust in others or self. 6 Children thrive on the sense of the mother and father being good, caring and all powering. When this person is abusive that interferes with the sense of goodness and fairness. Children feel fearful to their parents’ powerfulness.7 They lose their security. This makes these children more vulnerable to other abuses. N... Free Essays on Child Abuse Free Essays on Child Abuse Child Sexual Abuse The problem of child sexual abuse has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. The American media have reported numerous cases in which persons in positions of trust- including day care providers, clergymen, and scout leaders- have been accused (and in some cases convicted) of molesting children under their care. Many of these charges have been made by adults who claim to have recovered repressed memories of abuse they were subjected to as children. Other widely reported stories have involved children being abused- and sometimes murdered- by convicted child molesters newly released from prison. In addition, pedophiles have reportedly lured child victims into abusive situations via the Internet. Commentators point to such developments as evidence that the problem of child sexual abuse in the United States is alarmingly serious. On the other hand, some researchers and social critics, while agreeing that child sexual abuse is a horrendous crime, maintain that the extent of the problem has been exaggerated due to various causes. Media critics contend that intensive reporting of a few sensational cases has created a sense of panic among the public. Others question the validity of the recovered memories that are the basis of many child abuse accusations. In addition, the victimization of children, society’s most vulnerable members, automatically provokes intense anger among parents and concerned citizens who demand action on the part of law enforcement. While such outrage is natural and understandable, some commentators argue that the public’s response to recent developments has been excessive and has created the impression that the problem is worse than it actually is. Varying estimates This debate remains unresolved in part because it is impossible to determine the exact extent of the problem. Experts believe that most cases of child sexual abuse are never reported to authorities. In fact, th... Free Essays on Child Abuse Imagine for one moment that you are not yourself any longer. Visualize instead that you are a young girl; old enough to know right from wrong yet still young enough to be terrified by the dark shadows in your room. It is a cool autumn night and your parents have opted to attend a party which you are not allowed at. â€Å"It will be fine,? they say. Although you already know what is to come. Your uncle comes over to watch you for the evening, and your parents are so pleased by the fact that they do not have to find a sitter. As soon as he arrives, your mother kisses you on the cheek and scurries out the door to join your father already waiting in the car outside. The nightmare begins. His slimy hands casually slide an ebony cartridge into the VCR as he smiles at you seductively. You can feel his eyes worming their gaze through your clothes every time that he looks at you. You feel dirty and violated every time you think about what he does to you when you are alone. He walks over to the couch and sits down next to you. His hand slithers it way onto your knee and you cringe in revulsion. â€Å"Don’t be afraid, I won’t hurt you,?he chides. Your mind feels panicky as you feel his touch in more intimate places and you scream involuntarily. His grip tightens as he places his hand over your mouth. â€Å"We’ll have to do this the hard way!?comes his intense whisper. You flail your arms at him, but it doesn’t help. His writhing massive body is on top of yours, and you feel so powerless. Eventually, you sink into a sobbing heap and simply wait for his passions to stop. You wait for the nightmare to end. When he is done, you limp to the laundry room and try fruitlessly to get the blood stains out of your clothes. It is all your fault... Abuse: The violation or defilement of; What you have just experienced is one type of abuse that occurs millions of times every year across America. Estimate... Free Essays on Child Abuse With society placing such significance on family preservation, many of the institutions set in place to protect children from abuse were focusing more attention on preserving the family than on protecting the child and the child’s rights. Welfare Service tends to be understanding and view both the parents and the child as victims of circumstance. Even the United State’s Supreme Court based their system around preservation of the family by making their rights of biological parents have more power in the courts than the children’s rights unless the biological parent loose their parental rights due to being found to be unfit (Bartholet 1999). Within this century, child pornography has begun to be recognized as a form of abuse with maltreatment of the fetus being considered another form of abuse. As a society we consider pornography as exploiting the innocence and rights of children. Also the recognition that fetuses are as living, breathing beings and should have just as many rights against abuse has caused the governments to enact laws which protect the fetus while it is still in the womb. Current Day Perspective Even though child abuse has been present throughout history and the issue has been brought out into the public eye more and more during the last century. The issue still remains one of the biggest problems in today’s society. There are many efforts and programs that have been put into place to help children who have already been abused or neglected, but at this time the focus needs to be placed on prevention. Through the years the rights of the children have been overlooked and emphasis on parental right has been the main concern of the legal system. Family preservation has been a main focus for many social services, courts and law enforcement. Even though parental rights are still placed as more important than the child’s rights; society has started to reevaluate whether or not it is more detrimental to keep the... Free Essays on Child Abuse In 1962, C. Henry Kempe conducted a survey of eighty-eight hospitals in which he identified 302 children who had been â€Å"battered†. The survey, which for the first time defined the â€Å"battered child syndrome†, graphically catalogued brutality to young children, many of whom suffered multiple injuries. While earlier discoveries of the child abuse phenomenon had smoldered in the public consciousness, Kempe’s report ignited a broad-based national effort to find ways to protect children. Specifically, it led to calls for child abuse reporting systems, to ensure that whenever a â€Å"battered child† was even suspected, the case would be reported and measures taken to protect the child. By 1966, all fifty states had passed legislation regulating child abuse, all of which mandated reporting. By 1986, every state but one required reporting of neglect, and forty-one states made explicit reference to reporting of emotional or psychological abuse. Initially mandated reporting was limited to physicians, but this was eventually extended to include teachers, nurses, counselors, and the general public. The state mandated reporting laws resulted in a meteoric rise in child abuse reports across the United States. In 1962, when Kempe and his colleagues published their report, there had been about 10,000 child abuse reports. By 1976, child abuse reports had risen to more than 669,000 and by 1978 to 836,000. By 1992, almost 3 million reports of child abuse were filed nationwide, including 1,261 child abuse-related fatalities. If current trends continue, it is projected that more than 4 million children will be reported for abuse annually by the year 2000. There are many different definitions for child abuse. According to the Child Abuse Prevention Act (CAPTA) of 1996, child abuse and neglect is defined as: â€Å"at a minimum, any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional h... Free Essays on Child Abuse Abuse and Neglect 2 Legally, child abuse is defined as physical of psychological injury that results from adult’s intentional exposure of a child to potentially harmful physical stimuli, sexual acts, or neglect (Sulkes, 1998). Studies have proven that most child abuse cases are higher in most homes that are single-parent and step-parent homes. Most people do not see it as child abuse they might see it as discipline. Child abuse rates in America are very high. Sadly, about 2,000 infants and children die as a result of abuse and/or neglect each year in the United States (Sulkes 1998). Within child abuse there are models for explaining what it pertains. One useful model for explaining abuse classifies its causes into four broad categories: socio-cultural factors, characteristics of the child, characteristics of the abuser, and family stresses (Bittner& Newberger, 1981). The main idea of this model is that episodes of abuse are typically precipitated by everyday interactions between parents and children. In most cases children with mental disabilities and those who have temperaments are more likely to be abused than others. On another aspect of child abuse; the majority child abuse cases, about two-thirds, involve physical injuries (Sulkes, 1998). Stats in the United States never lie. In the United Abuse and Neglect 3 States alone, most cases of child abuse involve children between the ages of 2 and 9 (US. Bureau of the Census, 1997). Now, in these cases of child abuse they may start to have mental issues. In conclusion, I have personally learned a lot. I feel that we as a society can put child abuse to an end. People in this really need to recognize what they are doing to their children and really analyze the long term affect that this will be causing them. We as a nation can do this we just need to come together!... Free Essays on Child Abuse Imagine for one moment that you are not yourself any longer. Visualize instead that you are a young girl; old enough to know right from wrong yet still young enough to be terrified by the dark shadows in your room. It is a cool autumn night and your parents have opted to attend a party which you are not allowed at. â€Å"It will be fine,? they say. Although you already know what is to come. Your uncle comes over to watch you for the evening, and your parents are so pleased by the fact that they do not have to find a sitter. As soon as he arrives, your mother kisses you on the cheek and scurries out the door to join your father already waiting in the car outside. The nightmare begins. His slimy hands casually slide an ebony cartridge into the VCR as he smiles at you seductively. You can feel his eyes worming their gaze through your clothes every time that he looks at you. You feel dirty and violated every time you think about what he does to you when you are alone. He walks over to t he couch and sits down next to you. His hand slithers it way onto your knee and you cringe in revulsion. â€Å"Don’t be afraid, I won’t hurt you,?he chides. Your mind feels panicky as you feel his touch in more intimate places and you scream involuntarily. His grip tightens as he places his hand over your mouth. â€Å"We’ll have to do this the hard way!?comes his intense whisper. You flail your arms at him, but it doesn’t help. His writhing massive body is on top of yours, and you feel so powerless. Eventually, you sink into a sobbing heap and simply wait for his passions to stop. You wait for the nightmare to end. When he is done, you limp to the laundry room and try fruitlessly to get the blood stains out of your clothes. It is all your fault... Abuse: The violation or defilement of; What you have just experienced is one type of abuse that occurs millions of times every year across America. Estimates of abuse range wildly depending on the source of on es info... Free Essays on Child Abuse Most of us find it difficult to imagine how anyone could abuse infants and children. We can’t comprehend it. It doesn’t to us. In the past, our society has tried to deny it and pretend that such abuse did not exist. However, child abuse has been of the most prominent and acknowledged problems in Americans society. For many years, the enormity of the problem was simply inconceivable. Two factors brought the concerns and difficulties associated with abuse to the forefront of social consciousness. First was admitting the problems of child abuse. The second, acknowledging that abuse is present in families of all cultures, religions, and socioeconomic classes.1Experts now recognize abuse as a severe problem with potentially harmful and even devastating effects on children and adults who were abused children.2 Popular and clinical writings use varying definitions of child abuse. For the most part, child abuse includes physical harmful contact ranging from fondling to rape, neglect of physical well-being, and emotional harm through verbal abuse.3 Often children are victims of several forms of mistreatment. Not every abused child develops emotional or psychiatric problems. However, child abuse does seem to increase the likelihood of several difficulties.4 This may include aggression toward or avoidance of others, hyperactivity, anxiety, emotional withdrawal, mild to severe delays in physical and emotional growth, and sexualized behaviors. 5 Clearly, abuse contributes to a child’s concept of life. This may include a sense of loss of a good and just world, a negative outlook, and a lack of trust in others or self. 6 Children thrive on the sense of the mother and father being good, caring and all powering. When this person is abusive that interferes with the sense of goodness and fairness. Children feel fearful to their parents’ powerfulness.7 They lose their security. This makes these children more vulnerable to other abuses. N... Free Essays on child abuse Child abuse is a very common thing in today's society, although not much is heard about it. The abuse occurs in the home where the bruises can be hidden. The emotional and physical scars are hidden behind clothes, makeup and lies. There are four different types of abuse suffered every day by children all across the world. The four different types are physical, sexual, emotional and psychological. The abuse leaves scars with children for the rest of their lives, physical scars, but the one's that cause the most pain are the emotional scars, the scars that last a lifetime. Child abuse is the intentional use of physical force or intentional omission of care by a parent or caretaker that causes a child to be hurt, wounded, or killed. In Canada the exact statstics of child abuse and neglect is unknown, but is recognized as a major social problem. Under Provincial laws requiring physicians - and encouraging other persons - to report incidents of suspected abuse, more than two million cases of neglect and physical abuse are reported each year. Child abuse covers a wide range of parental actions that results in harm being inflicted on children of all ages. The kind of abuse, however, varies with age. Infants and preschool children are most likely to suffer deliberately inflicted fractures, burns, and bruises. This is known as the battered child syndrome, first identified during the 1960's. Historically, reported cases of sexual abuse, ranging from molestation to incest, primarily involve male perpetrators and school-aged or adolescent female victims. More recently, however, a growing number of pre-school victims have been identified. Perhaps the most consistent type of abuse is neglect - that is, physical or emotional harm resulting from a parent's failure to provide a child with adequate food, clothing, shelter, medical care, education, and moral training. A common symptom of neglect among young children is underfeeding; an und... Free Essays on Child Abuse In Today’s American society we fail to address several issues that need to be solved. Unfortunately, child abuse is one of the major issues that our country is plagued with, yet we neglect to bring this to the attention of the entire nation. It is often over looked because everyone has a different view of what exactly defines child abuse. To set the record straight there are four basic forms of child abuse: emotional abuse, neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse (ICAN). Emotional Abuse (also known as: Verbal abuse, mental abuse, and psychological maltreatment), includes acts or the failures to act by parents or caretakers that have caused or could cause, serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional or mental disorders. This can include parents/caretakers using extreme and/or bizarre forms of punishment, such as confinement in a closet or dark room or being tied to a chair for long periods of time or threatening or terrorizing a child. Less severe acts, but no less damaging are belittling or rejecting treatment, using derogatory terms to describe the child, habitual scape goating or blaming, the child (ICAN). Neglect, which is the failure to provide for the child’s basic needs. Neglect can be physical, educational, or emotional. Physical neglect can include not providing adequate food or clothing appropriates medical care, supervision, or proper weather protection (heating or coats), to the child. Educational neglect can include failure to provide appropriate schooling or special educational needs, allowing excessive truancies, to the child. Psychological neglect is the lack of any emotional support and love, never attending to the child, spousal abuse, drug and alcohol abuse including allowing the child to participate in drug and alcohol use (ICAN). Physical Abuse, is the inflicting of physical injury upon the child. This may include, burning, hitting, punching shaking, kicking beating, or otherwise harming a child. The parent ... Free Essays on Child Abuse Child Labor Child Labour Ingrid Pinto ABC School of Social Sciences Child Labor The 1990 World Summit for children was a landmark, which was attended by 71 heads of state. It was a moment of great satisfaction and encouragement for all the international bodies engaged in their pursuit of making â€Å"A world fit for children†, when 71 heads of state pledged to eradicate polio, reduce infant mortality rate, eliminate the worst forms of child labor and promote vocational training for adolescents.1 Complex Factors There is a popular public opinion that the children should not be exposed to labor tasks including employment at an age, which demands their involvement in educational and recreational activities. The activities undertaken at child age contribute to their growth and development and undertaking labor task at this age is no less than a crime. However, mostly people express this opinion based on strong emotions and the complex factors contributing to this dilemma are not understood in their real background. These factors range from legal, social, political and economic aspects, which extend far beyond the strong emotions. A detailed, careful and empathetic analysis of these factors can lead us to understand the problems of child labor on an international horizon. Powerful legislation, its strict enforcement and the extent of its implementation across the board on an international scale can serve as a foundation in addressing this curse. International studies reveal the magnitude of the grave problem of child labor. A systematic estimate, undertaken in 1985, calculated around 31 million street children worldwide, of whom 71 percent were child workers living at home, 23 percent kept occasional family contact, and 8 percent were entirely separated.2 The contributing factors to the child labor are limitless, however, the vital few factors are external debt, poverty, lack of appropriate infrastructure, economic crisis, and social and ... Free Essays on Child Abuse Running Head: Child Abuse in the Preschool Years Abstract Child abuse can take many forms and has a variety of symptoms. A child who is abused may show all of them or none. It isn’t always easy to tell if a child has been or is being abused. A child also may become resilient. Many times the abuse is a cycle that has started many generations before and each child has learned that it is acceptable to treat their own children like that. It is important that if you suspect abuse to call and inform the appropriate people because otherwise it may go unseen. Child Abuse in the Preschool Years Child Abuse occurs more than many people think it does. It can take many forms such as emotional, sexual, and physical abuse. The effects can last a lifetime. Child abuse can have detrimental effects on cognitive and social development, especially, when it occurs before or during the preschool years of life. Symptoms of Abuse Physical abuse is more frequent for families living in stressful situations, poverty, single-parent households, and high levels of marital conflict. A few warning signs of physical abuse are: injuries that have no reasonable explanation, burns from cigarettes or immersion of hot water, fear of adults or care providers, inappropriate attire in warm weather, and fear of physical contact. Many times abuse occurs because parents or caregivers are insensitive to the child’s emotional or behavioral levels. They have unreasonably high expectations for their children (Feldman, 2003). Psychological abuse occurs when parents or caregivers harm children’s behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or physical functioning. Psychological abuse also includes neglect. The caregivers make the child feel like they are a burden to them and the child may be threatened with abandonment or even death. Neglect is ignoring or being emotionally irresponsive to the child. Psychological ab... Free Essays on Child Abuse The key word in the definition of child abuse is deliberate. Why would anyone deliberately do something like that to their own child? In 2001, 3 million referrals concerning the welfare of approximately 5 million children were made to Child Protective Service agencies throughout the United States. Professionals, including teachers, law enforcement officers, social services workers, and physicians, made more than half of the reports. Others, including family members, neighbors, and other members of the community, made the remaining referrals. More than one-quarter of investigations or assessments 28 percent resulted in a finding that the child was abused or at risk of abuse. The remaining investigations resulted in a finding that the abuse did not occur, the child was not at risk of abuse, or the information wasn’t good enough. Approximately 903,000 children were to be victims of child abuse. Not in just physical but in, medical neglect, sexual abuse, and psychological. To get these numbers down, there are lots of things us as a country can do. We can start by letting kids be kids, and being parents to kids not their friend, but not their worst enemy. Most States define perpetrators of child abuse or neglect as a parent or other caretaker, such as a relative, babysitter, or foster parent, who has abused a child. Fifty-nine percent of perpetrators were women and 41 percent were men. The median age of female perpetrators was 31 year, the median age of male perpetrators was 34 years. More than 80 percent of victims were abused by a parent or parents. The 2001 victimization rate of 12.4 per 1,000 children in the population is comparable to the 2000 rate of 12.2, especially given that the child population base numbers were estimated. Both the 2000 and 2001 rates are lower than the 1998 rate. The 1999 rate is considered an outlier that was unduly influenced by the census population estimates. Children in the age group of birth to ... Free Essays on Child Abuse There are millions of children being abused every year. Child abuse doesn’t necessarily have to be physical, it can be mental, emotional, or sexual abuse; it can even be neglect. Abuse doesn’t only affect the child being abused, but it also affects the people witnessing the abuse. Child abuse can affect the child in many different ways. The worst way the child can be affected is suicide. Every child abuse case is different in its own way. Child abuse can lead to problems and suffering, but it is not always that simple. Every child will have a different way of dealing with it that they think is all right because they have been raised only knowing this. Common effects of child abuse include: Nightmares or difficulty sleeping; low self-esteem; antisocial behavior, including rebelliousness or running away; increased hostility; or aggression. Feelings of fear, shame, anger, guilt, anxiety, or confusion are often found in a child that is being abused. The child will tend to stay away from other children and play by himself. A child that is abused will most likely be abused until they are a teenager and will usually find themselves in an abusive relationship later in life, if they’re not being abused they will usually be the abuser. The child will most likely be effected by the abuse their whole lives, and will need therapy at some point in their lives. But most cannot afford it so they live with the thoughts of being abused all their lives. Many people are not aware of the long-term effects abuse can have on a child. Whether a child experiences abuse or witnesses it, the effects often affect the physical, intellectual, and emotional growth of the child. April is Child Abuse Prevention Month. It is a time organizations try to make the public aware that there are children being abused everyday. During this month organizations try to educate people on how to bring healing to those who are being abused. Infants and toddlers (0 - 2 ½... Free Essays on Child Abuse Children have been abused throughout the world for many years. Child abuse is any â€Å"physical or mental† (Rench 163) behavior that endangers the development severity or survival of a child. It is the guardians’ betrayal of trust and authority over a child and the child’s well being. Any serious risk of harm to a child, can be considered child abuse. Some types of child abuse, that children face each day are: physical, sexual, neglect and emotional abuse. Day by day children who are abused have many questions, but no answers, one in particular is â€Å"why†. Children are abused because guardians think that they must use whatever type of discipline necessary to country a child’s behavior to feel justified. In doing so, they relinguish their guilt in the â€Å"name of discipline† (Abuse Child, 1 of 1). Caregivers may not understand the skills necessary to meet the need of a child. Some kids are not cared for in the right way because they were not wanted in the first place. Parents may have been exposed to the same abuse and have not learned have to raise their child. Children can also be abused by stressed caregivers. Children of all ages from babes to teenagers are abused. It occurs in any kind of home and in all types of ethnicity, religion, social and economic background. Abuse has no limits to any age group. Children of all ages may be at risk. Three year olds are often faced with neglect, while teenagers are more likely to be physically abused. Any â€Å"deliberate application† (Abuse, 1 of 1) of force to any part of a child’s body. Children who are physically abused, can also face emotional abuse. Physical abuse can include : slapping, punching, burning, hitting, pushing, biting, shaking, choking, kicking or even poisoning a child. Any harmful or dangerous use of force, can lead a child to have a very low self esteem. Emotional abuse is denying a child love or affection. Children are also being neglected and not gi... Free Essays on Child Abuse Many children suffer at the hands of adults - often their own parents. They are beaten, kicked, thrown into walls, and/or burned with cigarettes. They have their heads held under the water of toilet bowls, are scalded by hot water or they are forced to stand in freezing showers until they pass out. A child could be stuffed into running washing machines or sexually molested, suffer from neglect in the forms of starvation and lack of medical attention, and still go unnoticed by outsiders. In fact, it is estimated that three children die every day in the U.S. alone from one form of child abuse or another. It is a sickening practice that has no set standard of rules to finish off the persisting problem. Different states have different methods and agencies to help prevent abuse in the home, some work quite well while others bomb - a dangerous gamble when it comes to the life or mental state of a child. The precise number of deaths each year is not known because of the extent of most fatal ity investigations that could be suspected as child abuse but are seen as open and shut death cases. A report from the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, however, depicts more than three million reports of alleged child maltreatment practices in the year of 1995 alone. Many more children are living with abuse rather than dying from it, too. So what steps are being taken to protect our nation's children? All states have a Child Protective Services (or CPS) system. This is the governmental system responsible for investigating reports of child abuse or neglect. In state after state, the CPS agency lacks the resources to respond adequately to the overwhelming number of reports it is legislatively mandated to investigate. All fifty states have child abuse reporting laws requiring reports of suspected abuse to be made by specified professionals and others whose work brings them into regular contact with children. Any citizen may report suspected abuse as ... Free Essays on Child Abuse Child Abuse Child Abuse is a big problem among America today. I very disappointed that I didn’t get to hear the speaker on child abuse. Being in the field of education, I will be around children every day, and need to pay close attention to how the children act, look, and feel. As I was going through high school, a girl in my school became pregnant. She seemed to not care about the life she was carrying. While being pregnant she still continued to drink and smoke. Many people may not think of drinking while pregnant is child abuse, but IT IS. Her baby was born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, also known as FAS, a leading cause of mental retardation. There is no sure for these birth defects, which can range form severe problems to the less visible problems like paying attention in school. Being that I watched a baby be brought into the world who would have disabilities that weren’t it’s fault, I truly despise parents who allow this to happen. Child Abuse and neglect can not always be seen. As a teacher to children, I need to be aware of the warning signs. A few key warning signs are: Nervousness around adults, aggression toward adults or other children; sudden, dramatic changes in personality for extended periods, and low self-esteem. When a child is being abused at home, it very rare they will come to an adult and ask for help. There are ways to reach out and help them through it. One way to reach out is to; be a friend to a parent you know, by asking how their children are. If the parent seems to be upset of struggle in their answering offer to baby-sit, just show you understand. Another way is to talk to your neighbors about looking out for one another’s children. Encourage a supportive spirit among parents. Getting involved within community is a big key with helping understand and comfort children and parents. In order for children to grow up healthy mentally and physically parents need to nurture the...